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P. B. Singh ¹, S. K. Nigam ¹, Rajveer Singh ¹, H. K. Singh ¹

Affiliations
1 Ganpat Sahai PG College, Sultanpur-228001, IN

Abstract

The objectives of the present investigation was to monitor the HCHs (isomers of hexachlorocyclohexane), DDTs (metabolites of dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane), chlorpyrifos in tissue bioaccumulation and plasma levels of cortisol between the sampling sites of the unpolluted ponds of Gujartal, Jaunpur (reference site) and the polluted rivers the Gomti (Jaunpur) and the Ganga (Varanasi) as stress hormone of some edible catfishes during non-breeding season owing to industrialization. The insecticides were measured by the gas liquid chromatography (GLC) and plasma cortisol by Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbents Assay (ELISA). The results indicated that the presence of HCHs, DDTs and chlorpyrifos was much higher in the catfishes captured from the river Gomti than those of the river Ganga when compared to reference site. The plasma level of cortisol was low in the fishes captured from both the rivers. In conclusion, the fishes from polluted rivers showed high degree of contamination which caused stress and ultimately decreased the growth of edible fishes of riverine sources.

Keywords

Insecticides, Bioaccumulation, Wild Catfishes, Cortisol, Stress Hormone, River Pollution.

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Megha Shringi ¹, Rajveer Singh ¹, M. L. Meena ¹

Affiliations
1 Department of Electronics Engineering, Rajasthan Technical University, IN

Abstract

In this paper a novel planar micro-strip antenna is presented for quad band applications. The antenna structure is composed of symmetrically step slotted (pruned) rectangular patch at the right and left edges with a U-slot etched inside the patch along with a partial ground to achieve multiband operation. The proposed antenna is simulated on an FR-4 substrate of dielectric constant of 4.3, loss tangent 0.02 and 50Ω microstrip feed line. The simulation and optimization results are carried out using CST software 2014. The antenna topology occupies an area of 23×22×1.5mm³. The antenna operates at four different resonant frequencies 2.5GHz (2.36GHz-2.70GHz), 5.1GHz (4.85GHz-5.33GHz), 9.95GHz (9.64GHz-10.31GHz) and 14.6GHz (13.83GHz-15.89GHz) which meet the requirements of the Wi-Max, WLAN, X-band and Kuband. The impedance bandwidths are 13.49%, 9.4%, 6.64% and 14.07% for the 2.5GHz, 5.1GHz, 9.95GHz and 14.6GHz bands respectively. The antenna shows good return loss, VSWR and radiation pattern characteristics in the desired frequency range.

Keywords

Quad Band, Wi-Max, WLAN, Ku-Band, VSWR.

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